An Overview of Low Power Techniques Used in VLSI Projects

Recent issues for integrated circuit design emphasized on Low Power IC design. Therefore to understand the complexity and future trends in Integrated Circuit Design Silicon Mentor thrives towards the VLSI based Low Power projects. Silicon Mentor is an R& D unit in VLSI located in India which supervises researchers /students by providing a healthy research platform. Silicon Mentor have worked upon various techniques in Low power VLSI Domain. Some of them are given in following Chart.

In Variable Substrate bias technique for power reduction uses the variation in body biasing which controls the number of charge carriers or the accumulation of charge carriers to form the channel b/w source and drain. Therefore the number of charge carriers is directly proportional to the threshold voltage needed for switching of the current in device and not more than sufficient number of charge carriers automatically decreases the power used in circuit.

The MTCMOS technique uses a pair of high threshold transistors. In which upper circuit contains the high threshold PMOS and lower part contains the High threshold NMOS circuit. These high threshold PMOS and NMOS circuit reduces the leakage in standby mode. At Silicon Mentor we have used the different high threshold Predictive Technology Model cards to achieve this goal.

In power gating and Self Controllable Voltage Level we use the basic control circuitry in upper and lower part of the CMOS circuit to gate the power i.e. to provide a virtual ground and VDD to the main circuit in standby mode. These use a stack of NMOS transistor in pull up and stack of PMOS in pull down network which controls the leakage flow in the standby mode because the stack of NMOS and PMOS in standby mode works as resistive path for it.

Dual Threshold CMOS uses the two types of transistors in which one uses for the high threshold and other for low threshold operation. The sleepy keeper and sleep transistor technique additional sleep PMOS is placed between VDD and pull up network, whereas NMOS transistor is used b/w pull down network and GND. The Feedback Circuit technique is used to retain the output state. The leakage feedback based on sleep approach in which two transistor uses to maintain the logic state.

Thus all of these techniques can be used in VLSI projects.

HOW TO WRITE A PHD THESIS?

Writing a PhD thesis appears to be daunting task in the beginning as the professors are not aware with the way to initiate the procedure for the same. The PhD or Doctoral thesis needs hands on expertise in technical writing which is the main drawback of PhD professors as they are indulged into technical stuff more than the writing work. However, few guidelines about the PhD thesis and PhD projects are mentioned in this article.

The first and most prominent thing to understand is what is a thesis and how should be organized and what should be covered in the thesis?

Times have remarkably changed since the introduction of PhD thesis in the research at professional level. The synchronization of the implementation of the research work with the thesis would be the best way to write a PhD thesis as the progression in the research work would go along with the writing work. The thesis should be written in a lucid format and the inclusion of some frightening words should be avoided just to attract the reader.  

The PhD thesis is a research report and it should depict the previous work done in that field and the work extended by the researcher to accomplish the research. The first 3-4 pages decide whether the reader would read it thoroughly or would just turn or scroll down the pages.

The abstract of the thesis should clearly mention the brief summary of the report so that the reader can get an idea about the conventional work and the future scope of the work enclosed in the thesis.

The thesis should give the grass root details of every concept mentioned in that and should not exceed the word limit on a particular concept. The reader will look for the effective and outstanding content and research work to assess the thesis, so it should be informative leaving everything at the beneath.

The research work done by the author should be placed in a well organized and easy to get format and should be clear that what research has the author done. It should be made crystal clear that what the work is done by the author himself.

The text should be very clear focusing on right words and a standard grammar to form the sentences as the reader doesn't want that the author do not possess anything at writing skills leaving apart technical skills.

Some general tips to make the PhD Thesis is listed below:

•      Copyright Form
•      University or Title Page
•      Abstract
•      Acknowledgements
•      Table of Contents
•      Introduction
•      Literature Review
•      Preliminaries: Methodology, Research Materials and tools used in research, Theory etc.
•      Results and Calculations
•    Future work and its scope with adequate conclusion
•    References and Appendices

The researchers across the India and world can get the guidance and support in PhD thesis from some outside sources too.

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Get support for PhD thesis & projects.

SiliconMentor: The Best R&D Unit for M.Tech and Phd Scholars

M.Tech projects for the ECE  and CSE for M.Tech thesis in Digital Image processing, Video Processing, VLSI, DSP,  are cultivated and dragged up to research with the paper publication and thesis support at SiliconMentor. SiliconMentor develops its own algorithms and IPs and the hardware implementation of the algorithms is done on FPGA for the real time operations. SiliconMentor not only supports the research in VLSI frontend but as well as in the VLSI Backend and works in a way to widespread the research to be done in the M.Tech thesis and PhD thesis.

The M.Tech projects are handled with the primary focus on what could be the best out of the basic designs and further enhancements in the base papers. SiliconMentor works on the implementation of IEEE Research papers and enhancement in the papers as research work by the students.

SiliconMentor provides the technical guidance for projects and thesis to the M.Tech students and PhD scholars to ensure them to get a research level platform accompanied by the technical support in their academic and industrial research. Silicon Mentor’s unique guidance and support propaganda allows the research inquisitive students to do the research through hands on practice in the above described domains.